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Currently, most state-of-the-art pipelines for 3D micro-connectomic reconstruction deal with neuron over-segmentation, agglomeration and subcellular compartment (nuclei, mitochondria, synapses, etc.) detection separately. Inspired by the proofreading consensus of experts, we established a paradigm to acquire priori knowledge of cellular characteristics and ultrastructures, as well as determine the connectivity of neural circuits simultaneously. Following this novel paradigm, we were keen to bring the Intra- and Inter-Cellular Awareness back when Tracking and Segmenting neurons in connectomics. Our proposed method (II-CATS) utilizes few-shot learning techniques to encode the internal neurite representation and its learnable components, which could significantly impact neuron tracings. We further go beyond the original expected run length (ERL) metric by focusing on biological constraints (bERL) or spanning from the nucleus to spines (nERL). With the evaluation of these metrics, we perform typical experiments on multiple electron microscopy datasets on diverse animals and scales. In particular, our proposed method is naturally suitable for tracking neurons that have been identified by staining.
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